Brucellosis
- Contact with contaminated animal blood, tissue or body fluids through cuts or abrasions in the skin, or
- Ingesting contaminated unpasteurized milk or cheese or by breathing in the bacteria.
In Alberta, brucellosis is uncommon in humans. There have been 16 human cases of brucellosis reported in Alberta between January 1, 1990 and July 15, 2011.
- The majority of these cases acquired the disease by consuming contaminated dairy products while traveling in a foreign country.
- It has previously been found among wild bison in the Wood Buffalo National Park area.
Where is brucellosis found?
Brucellosis is found worldwide, mainly in cattle, swine, goats and sheep. It can also be found in camels, elk, bison, caribou and some species of deer.
- It is more common in countries that do not have standardized and effective public health and domestic animal health programs.
What are the symptoms of brucellosis?
The time between exposure to the bacteria and the development of symptoms ranges from 5 days several months. An infected person may have an intermittent fever and a general influenza-like illness that can last days, months or up to a year, if left untreated.
Brucellosis can affect any organ or system in the body. Inflammation can occur in the bones/joints of 60% of cases and the genitourinary systems (reproductive organs and the urinary system) of 20% of cases. A brain infection, called neurobrucellosis, can occur in up to 7% of cases. Inflammation of the lining of the heart, called endocarditis, may also occur and approximately 2% of these result in death.
Can brucellosis be treated?
Yes. Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline and rifampin) may be required over several weeks for the treatment of brucellosis.
Who is at greatest risk of brucellosis?
People who work with animals (or their remains) that carry the disease:
- Farmers
- Slaughterhouse (abattoir) workers
- Hunters
- Travelers/public who may consume raw dairy products
- Laboratory workers
- Veterinarians
Can brucellosis be prevented?
Yes. People need to be aware of the dangers of ingesting unpasteurized (raw) dairy products.
- Ensure that all domestic and wild meats are thoroughly cooked (freezing, smoking and drying will not kill this bacteria).
- Exercise care and use protective clothing and rubber gloves when handling animal meat and carcasses.
- Ensure appropriate disinfection of any contaminated areas, especially if they are to be re-used.
What do I do if I think I have brucellosis?
Seek medical attention.
